Chinese Herb Safety
Chinese herb safety?
Nasty, smelly, yellow powders, bits of wood and grasses that you wouldn't even smoke?
Safety?
You Joke? Well ... No.
In November 2000 a House of Lords (UK Parliament) committee on Complementary and Alternative Medicine produced a report. This, in effect, approved wholeheartedly of five therapies:
- acupuncture
- chiropractic
- herbal medicine,
- homeopathy
- osteopathy.
For a variety of reasons, probably based on the fact that they had an incomplete understanding of it, Chinese Herbal medicine was given a lower rating regarding chinese herb safety concerns.
Some of the original authors of the report, having seen more of it, are now inclined to elevate Chinese Herbal Medicine to the same status as Acupuncture.
Chinese Herb Safety
Concerning Chinese Herb Safety in medicine, an article in the Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 1987 gave the following statistics:
- 480,000 practitioners of Chinese Herbal Medicine in People's Republic of China
- 1,500 Regional Hospitals for TCM, each covering around 500 acres.
- 8,000 County level hospitals for TCM
- 47,000 Township health centres using TCM mainly
- 1.29M Doctors in rural areas able to prescribe herbs
- Over 5,000 herbs recognised
- 660,000 acres under herbal cultivation
Since then, China's export of herbs has increased steadily to practitioners all over the world.
Some practitioners prescribe many tons of herbs annually, with nothing but benefit for their patients.
As in so many other areas of life, a very small number of Chinese herb safety cases have given it a bad name.
If the same criteria were applied to Western Medicine, one might hazard a guess that nobody would ever visit a Western, orthodox, hospital again. See this report.
The difference is that we are unused to Chinese Medicine and suspicious of it, hence our Chinese herb safety worries!
In addition, manufacturers of orthodox medication fear that their market is shrinking because of these competing medicines, and lobby for more control so that they can first patent and then profit from drugs equivalent in action to the herbs in question.
Dangers of Herbs
There are two main Chinese herb safety concerns.
- The first is that people without knowing much about herbal medicines will prescribe or take them, to their detriment. For example, wu wei zi - Schisandra fruit - is widely used in the West to maintain health and ward off disease. In Chinese medicine whilst considered a tonic for the Kidney, Schisandra's main action is to stabilise and bind. This means that if one has caught an illness, say a cold, from which your body is trying to clear itself by sweating, Schisandra may actually prevent this, prolonging the cold and potentially making it into a deeper, more chronic disease. (If you want to understand more about this process, read our page on Suppression. Also, see our page on Primary and Secondary Actions.)
- The second concern is that the herbs are mis-labelled, contaminated with heavy metals, steroids and other pharmaceuticals, or are just plain poisonous. For example, many people have heard that Chinese herbs can damage the liver. (Just to provide a small balance we will mention here two drugs that are widely available 'over the counter': one will kill you if overdosed: the other is merely lethal. Paracetemol has undoubted hepatotoxic effects, but controls over its sale were imposed only comparatively recently. Tobacco probably wouldn't get a licence if introduced nowadays. We are sure you will be able to think of other, apparently well-tested, drugs that have had to be withdrawn from the market.)
Adverse Symptoms for Herbs
Safety concerns here? Our advice is as follows. If you experience adverse symptoms after taking Chinese herbs as prescribed, you should stop taking the herbs and consult your herbalist.
The symptoms we mean are:
- severe tiredness,
- loss of appetite,
- diarrhoea,
- headaches,
- nausea,
- upper abdominal pain,
- feeling generally unwell,
- jaundice.
If you get the above symptoms do not restart taking the herbs until instructed to do so.
Basically, if the herbs come from responsible importers who know their sources and check their products properly, then there should be no ~Chinese herb safety concerns with toxicity when the herbs are prescribed by someone appropriately qualified.
Chinese herbs have been in use for thousands of years, and are inherently safe when prescribed as recommended.
However, just as some individuals have reactions to Western medications, eg penicillin, so some people react idiosyncratically to individual Chinese herbs.
It is therefore sensible to start with less than the recommended full dosage and work up gradually so that any adjustments can be made.
Sensitivity should not be confused with the fact that Chinese herbs do make changes in the body, and it is not uncommon to have digestive changes when adjusting to herbs.
These should be noted and if in any doubt, ring your practitioner.
Further Information: the ALT test
The following is a bit more technical.
There is a test called the ALT test (Alanine AminoTransferase - previously known as the SGPT - Serum Glutmic Pyruvic Transaminase).
This measures ALT which is usually present in high concentration in the liver. It is also present in heart and skeletal muscle, but in much lower concentrations, so the ALT test is fairly specific to the liver, and is raised only if liver disease is present. Normal levels are below 45: if the level exceeds this, it may be due to alcohol, drugs (such as paracetemol), thyroid disease, new diabetes or heart failure. It needs investigation if it exceeds 150.
However, many people have a naturally raised level, or because it is raised by harmless dietary factors or other, perhaps Western, herbs or supplements which they are taking. These people may react beneficially to Chinese herbs.
A very few people have a sudden dramatic increase in ALT from taking Chinese herbs, leading to jaundice. Here, clearly there are Chinese herb safety concerns and one would stop the herbs, allowing the ALT level to fall naturally.
Then perhaps retest with smaller quantities of the herbs, or with a different variety of herb.
If the ALT level rises, it has often been found to rise to a peak after twelve weeks, then reduce. However, the more common pattern is that the ALT level rises after the first week or two before settling back when the body becomes adjusted to it.
In general, the problem is very rare. The main Chinese herb safety considerations are whether there is continuing
- malaise,
- fatigue,
- nausea,
- bloating,
- diarrhoea,
- aching ,
- 'flu like symptoms,
- photophobia,
- skin rash etc,
... all of which are basically signs of a liver trying to detoxify.
When we give patients herbs, we explain what to look out for and when to get back to us.
The problem comes mostly when people persist in taking herbs even when they are feeling very ill from them, or perhaps when they continue to take the herbs long after they are needed, or when their health pattern has changed or improved.
Other Potential Problems for Herbs
Other Chinese herb safety concerns to consider, especially if importing herbs directly rather than through an approved importer, include the following.
- Contamination/Adulteration. For example, although most freeze-dried powders will have had HPLC tracings so are probably safe, some powders are contaminated. (HPLC tracings use light chromatography to recognise herbs and exclude wrong species.)
- Some plants contain Cadmium which is in the soil they are grown in - this applies to Asarum - or they are grown on polluted soil.
- Pesticides are widely used and not all Chinese production is good. Partly this is because many precious plants need very strong treatment by growers to control pests.
- Sulphur is often used as a preservative/fumigant.
- Herbs need to be properly treated. For example, untreated Ban Xia is dangerous because it burns the throat, thereby potentially asphyxiating, unless it has been heat treated to destroy the killer chemicals. Equally, some importers will sell other varieties unless specifically asked for Fa Ban xia. For example, Shui Ban Xia (Typhonium) is often sold as Ban Xia, but is different. You can be sure that we buy our herbs only from importers who have inspected their herbs carefully. In any case, we know what untreated Ban Xia looks like and wouldn't prescribe it.
- Alum may be present. Although this is not seen as a problem in many countries, Alum is banned here.
There is, however, another Chinese herb safety concern, caused by Government intervention.
Some herbs are banned because either their use threatens the continued existence of animals or species, or cruelty is involved in production.
For example, the rhinoceros, pictured, a race of animal present long before we humans arrived.
©Kurt Vrey, Dreamstime
Rhinoceros horn is, unfortunately, credited with certain benefits. Alternative herbs are better, have no Chinese herb safety concerns and certainly advantage the rhinoceros, an endangered species.
There are other herbs that actually have produced no ill-effects except under very exceptional circumstances that would not normally occur.
An example of this is Akebia Trifoliata, which has never been implicated in poisoning people but which shares its Chinese name 'mu tong' with other herbs, some of which, when over-used, have caused problems. Banning the use of this herb deprives practitioners of a very useful, safe and vital herb.
Summary on Concerns about Chinese herbs
Many people are taking Chinese herbs that they have read or heard about, such as Astragalus (Huang Qi), or Ginseng (Ren Shen) or Chinese Angelica root (Dang Gui/Tang Kwei) with only a few problems. These can be bought in many UK shops.
By the way, long-term use of any herb, Western or Chinese, is not recommended unadvisedly because they have an effect on us which is usually only very gradual.
The experience of herbalists and homeopaths is that any substance will, especially if taken regularly, ultimately affect us.
Since its effects will only gradually infiltrate into our lives, we may not realise where they come from, or indeed that anything is amiss.
As previously mentioned, read more about this under Suppression, but also under Primary and Secondary effects.
In a small number of cases, herbs were prescribed by people who did not have the requisite experience or knowledge, with results that have given Chinese herbalism a bad name.
Government intervention has banned useful herbs on the grounds of public safety. It is to be hoped that these herbs will be returned to use before long, with suitable controls over their distribution.
So of course there are Chinese herb safety concerns! But their use over more than 2500 years and the long training of practitioners makes them as safe as Western medicine, and much less harmful.
Jonathan Clogstoun-Willmott Books
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