Cold: An External Cause of Disease that may Internalise

Jonathan Clogstoun-Willmott

December 23, 2020

cold mountains - bad for large intestine luo channel symptoms — Mountains - cold and beautiful

First, Cold can be Beautiful!

But … Cold can also be an External Cause of Disease

After Wind, Cold is the second most common of what are called the ‘external’ causes of disease – at least in ‘Northern’ Climates.

In Chinese medicine it is called an ‘external pathogenic factor‘. This means that it invades you from outside, and that your body tries to keep it at a distance from its essential inner Energy Organs, your ‘zang-fu‘.

Nearly 2000 years ago an observant Chinese doctor produced a theory called the Invasion of Cold in Six Stages. It is just as useful today as it was then! It explains what your body does as Cold invades, both in terms of symptoms and how serious they are – and what to do. The rest of this page is a gentle introduction to the first stage.

Your body defends itself as far as possible by putting or containing the symptoms in the acupuncture channels – usually the limbs and joints – away from the vital organs in the torso.

Cold can, however, penetrate those vital inner organs when the body’s defence system is damaged, perhaps by accident, ill-advised treatment, medication or ignorance. OR when your body is too weak to contain the pathogenic factor in a ‘safe’ place – ie on the outside, or as far from the centre as possible.

If the body cannot defend itself, at the start Cold may attack the surface areas of the body, its muscles and sinews, commonly the shoulders and neck.

Depending on where you have weakness, it may then invade, for example, your Stomach (causing stomach pain and vomiting as in some forms of Stomach-Cold); your womb, (causing acutely painful periods); or your Intestines (diarrhoea and abdominal pain).

Of course, once it’s reached inside like this, it has become Internal Cold, about which read more below.

crystal gemstones — Photo by Scott Rodgerson

What are Typical ‘Full-Cold’ Symptoms?

If you think about what it is like to get suddenly intensely cold, you’ll recognise some of the symptoms in the list.

Often you don’t want to move much – except to shiver – and you like or crave warmth.

Mentally, it often makes you fearful and tense.

If you also have Qi stagnation, the Cold and Qi stagnation will reinforce one another.

Depending on other factors you could also have sneezing or shivering, for instance if Wind invades at the same time. (And yes, what is called Wind-Chill can certainly cause it. Read more about Wind Chill here.)

People with strong constitutions can become intensely restless and some feel terrified that they are about to die.

Acute Cold can make you fear you are dying — Photo by Aron Visuals on Unsplash

Cold symptoms

Your body tightens up
Tension
Lack of thirst
Dislike of cold
Preference for warmth
Shivering
Pain, often in one place and dull or stabbing
Watery discharges eg from the nose; pale urine; runny faeces; clear or white vaginal discharges
Cold arms and legs, particularly hands/feet
Preference for warm coverings and drinks
Tongue: thick white coating over a pale tongue body. The thick white coating appears gradually.
Pulse: slow (in extreme cases, can be very slow)

Unexpected sources of Cold

Both Wind and Cold can invade quickly where your defensive-qi (this is roughly the equivalent of your immune system from the Western medical perspective) cannot prevent it.

Their penetration into your body can be stopped if caught early on.

Do not overlook or disregard this as a cause of disease! it can arrive unexpectedly, such as

when a woman in labour, sweating and heaving, asks for cool air to be fanned on her
on a warm evening when you’re hot and let yourself get cooled too fast by a breeze or by air-conditioning, and then get a chill
as cramps or spasms when you get up in the night to go to the lavatory or
when, hot in bed, to cool down you stick a leg out into cool air.
… and, of course, if you go out in a cold wind without enough clothes!

Warm clothes combat Cold — Photo by Victoria Strukovskaya on Unsplash

If appropriate action is taken immediately, such as covering up, or wrapping up well or taking a hot bath, the body may expel or overcome it.

If it lingers, however, it can lead to a long-term invasion and increasing bouts of severe pain for many years, culminating in the diagnosis perhaps of arthritis and the prescription of anti-inflammatory medications, steroids and painkillers.

By then, it will certainly have become internal cold.

It might even turn to Heat! …

By then the body may have even changed it into ‘Heat‘ symptoms, (masking the original cause) in a desperate attempt to contain or combat it. You might recognize this in the ‘burning’ skin around an arthritic joint.

With the correct treatment, if that Heat can be expelled, it is possible that the patient will then experience a period of coldness again, at which time appropriate treatment would be needed, possibly the opposite of the treatment for symptoms of Heat.

Treatment for Cold

Self-treatment for the early stages?

Depends on what you have available. If you are otherwise in good health, what to do? (Apart from getting out of the Cold, of course! And out of damp or wet conditions, too.)

More warm, dry, clothes, for a start.
Something to warm you up – could be a warm wheat-bag or hot water bottle which you’ll probably want on your abdomen or back
Warm food or warm drink. See our recipe for a hot toddy on our page on ‘Wind-Cold‘.
Hot Toddy Ingredients – Copyright Acupuncture-points.org
Although too much alcohol will cool you down, a very little added to the toddy can help the ‘toddy’ work faster.
A warm bath or hot shower. Stay in until not only does your shivering end but you start to feel uncomfortably hot, even slightly sweaty. But don’t stay in for more than 20 minutes. If taking a shower, do not finish with a Cold shower: cold showers have their place, but not here.
A warm fire to sit by, or a warm bed to get into. Ideally, get warm in bed and go to sleep to recover.
For very fit and healthy individuals, theoretically a vigorous game of squash or similar (indoors, away from cold) may heat you up so quickly that you burn off the Cold.
If caught by Cold and you think you have the symptoms of Cold invasion and can’t access the above suggestions, I suggest you try to walk faster, even run, to force your body to warm up. But there’s only a short time period for this between realising you have Cold Invasion and benefiting from this extra effort. Better is to get inside and warm up as suggested.
If frost-bitten, do not apply direct heat to the frozen areas. Apply it to your centre and let that warm up. However, you may find putting your frozen hands (say) in cold (not freezing) water allows them slowly to thaw out. Gradually add warm water.

Treatment for Cold from a professional?

Various kinds of treatment for Cold once you have been invaded?

Personally I would first try a homoeopathic remedy called Aconite – if I have it handy, of course! It’s easy to take and often works fast if homoeopathic to your situation.
An acupuncturist would use moxibustion as well as needles, and other forms of warmth to help you recover. See our warning below, however.
Herbs: there are Chinese herbal formulae to encourage your metabolism to warm up and sweat out the invader.
Hot stone treatment may help some, but actually a warm bath is better.

Warning: Any form of external warmth, including moxibustion, may take a while to register with your nerves if you are feeling frozen. Until you get a return of some feeling in your skin, you could easily burn. Take Great Care! And this is even more important if you or the patient is old. An older body’s nerves work less efficiently: be sure to warm them up before applying external warmth.

FOOD

Please realise that no matter how good the treatment you receive, it won’t work for long if you go out and get cold again, especially if you eat Cold Foods.

You MUST make sure what you eat is warming. So… no cold salad, no cold fruit, no chilled food, no raw food, no ice, no ice-cream, no gin and chilled lemonade etc.

Nourishing warm soup - good for Lung Dryness and Yin deficiency — Nourishing warm soup for Cold, Yin deficiency and dryness – Photo by Dipesh Gurav on Unsplash

Just eat food that has been cooked and is warm.

Avoid Cold Food and Eat/Drink Warm Food.

Read about the other external causes of disease:

Further reading? If this has whetted your appetite, there are many more pages on this site to consider, or why not consult our acupuncture study reading list?